Jugular vein distention is the visible bulging of the large veins in the neck. While not painful, it’s often a sign of serious heart or circulatory issues, including heart failure.
What Is It?
JVD is identified during a physical exam when the jugular vein appears swollen. Continuous distention may signal life-threatening cardiovascular conditions.
Common Causes
Several heart and lung conditions can increase central venous pressure (CVP), leading to JVD:
- Right-sided heart failure: Blood backs up, causing neck vein bulging.
- Pulmonary hypertension: High blood pressure between the lungs and heart.
- Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation of the heart’s outer lining restricts function.
- Superior vena cava obstruction: A blockage due to a tumor or clot.
- Tricuspid valve stenosis: Narrowing of the valve affects blood flow.
- Cardiac tamponade: Fluid buildup around the heart compresses it.
Associated Symptoms
JVD may occur with:
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Swelling in legs or abdomen
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Fatigue, weakness
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Shortness of breath, cough
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Nausea, loss of appetite
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Unusual weight gain
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Nighttime urination or confusion
Diagnosis & Treatment
JVD itself isn’t the disease—it’s a symptom. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery. Always consult a healthcare provider. Do not attempt home treatment.